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Quantum game theory is an extension of classical game theory to the quantum domain. It differs from classical game theory in three primary ways: #Superposed initial states, #Quantum entanglement of initial states, #Superposition of strategies to be used on the initial states. This theory is based on the physics of information much like quantum computing. == Superposed initial states == The information transfer that occurs during a game can be viewed as a physical process. In the simplest case of a classical game between two players with two strategies each, both the players can use a bit (a '0' or a '1') to convey their choice of strategy. A popular example of such a game is the Prisoners' Dilemma, where each of the convicts can either ''cooperate'' or ''defect'': withholding knowledge or revealing that the other committed the crime. In the quantum version of the game, the bit is replaced by the qubit, which is a quantum superposition of two or more base states. In the case of a two-strategy game this can be physically implemented by the use of an entity like the electron which has a superposed spin state, with the base states being +1/2 (plus half) and −1/2 (minus half). Each of the spin states can be used to represent each of the two strategies available to the players. When a measurement is made on the electron, it collapses to one of the base states, thus conveying the strategy used by the player. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「quantum game theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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